... rights only Presidency judiciary separation of powers executive authority Politicians generally, and executive officeholders in particular, regularly assert authority that neither a constitution nor prior statute expressly recognizes. Rather than wait on Congress, for example, Donald Trump...

... in presidential initiatives at the policy-level from 1992 to 2016. Most of the prediction error is due to a high false-negative rate— with the president acting despite supposed constraints enforced by the Congress. Despite widespread acceptance of unilateral action theory, the results imply either that persistent...

...Gleason Judd Presidents have substantial unilateral policymaking powers in the United States despite constitutional provisions for checks and balances. I study how electoral concerns encourage officeholders to exercise these powers, using a formal model in which unilateral policymaking skill varies...