... wants to do that kind of attack and the third party is willing to punish the adversary because they are more likely to be the guilty party. I discuss the 1999 apartment bombings in Russia as a potential case of successful false flag attacks by Vladimir Putin that convinced the Russian public to support...

... relations between economic and political elites. The period in Russia under study in this paper (1999–2004) experienced dramatic changes in the way the federal government in Russia was organized. This turnover is key to developing a strong identification strategy to investigate how nepotism works...