... Publishing Limited 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Transparency Game theory Executive politics Formal modelling Politicians frequently possess discretion over the disclosure of policy-relevant information. A president may invoke executive privilege to withhold...

...Mehdi Shadmehr; Dan Bernhardt We revisit the theory that Hollyer, Rosendorff, and Vreeland use in their research program on transparency and political stability. We show that in a representative citizen setting and in their multi-citizen model, more transparency increases the likelihood...

...; commits to this cost; and the primary is fully transparent, in the sense that voters observe perfectly the challenger cost of entry. The challenger entry cost plays a central role in the model. With a cost equal to zero, primaries are always contested, irrespective of the competence of the incumbent...