...Lidija Krebs-Lazendic; Mary Ellen Dello Stritto; Enoch Park Purpose While research has shown a positive correlation between instructor presence and student learning outcomes, the role of instructor synchronous activities in online courses remains underexplored. This review addresses that gap...

...-use rights only chemistry anxiety online courses spike protein traditional students nontraditional students Anxiety is an emotional reaction to a perceived situation associated with helplessness and uncertainty. State anxiety is a short-lived emotional state characterized by tension...