... within the Pakistani sociocultural context. Further research is needed to explore the topic in other settings. Originality/value Moving beyond traditional research on women's leadership and comparative gender analyses, this study offers in-depth insights into the interplay of gender, culture...

..., they can be much more powerful than other forms of cross‐cultural training. Originality/value The paper highlights the importance of naturally occurring data and the need to consider “whole lives” in the past and present, of research “participants”. Life is not divided into classes and sub‐classes...