... for infectious diseases, categorizes Bitcoin wallets into three groups: susceptible (open wallets), infected (active wallets), and recovered (inactive wallets). The analysis uses monthly data from January 2011 to December 2022 to examine two significant Bitcoin price bubbles. Findings The study reveals...

... on leverage is contrasted with other infectious diseases, which do not exhibit similar effects. Originality/value Our study’s originality lies in its application of a novel text-based metric, borrowed from existing research, to measure firm-specific COVID exposure, marking a significant advancement...