... derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Link to the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. Soft actuator Pneumatic actuator 3D printing Modeling...

... of the time, the devices are shown to perform on their own without being included in a larger mechanism, which is necessary to explore for practical applications. The need to use an oven or warm water to trigger the shape memory effect strongly limits the development of thermo-sensitive soft actuators...