... temperature, bed temperature and print speed), to generate a diverse data set of defect images, which were pre-processed for enhanced computational efficiency. DL models, namely, Dense-Net121, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, VGG16 and XceptionNet were trained using transfer learning approach for both individual...

... (CAEs) and transfer learning (TL). Furthermore, BOs of AM parts are classified using generative adversarial (GAN) and classification networks to reduce the SS. To verify the results, finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to compare the stresses of modified components with the original ones...