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Purpose

This paper aims to present an overview of the history of communication research and theory in reference services literature and to discuss the potential of one relatively recent-emerging theory of communication (anxiety-uncertainty management theory) to describe and mitigate breakdowns in reference communication.

Design/methodology/approach

An overview and discussion of existing literature and communication-based theories of library reference services is presented.

Findings

This paper identifies and describes anxiety-uncertainty management theory as a lens through which to view communication breakdowns during library reference transactions. The concepts behind the theory and articulated as well as its insights for reference librarians.

Originality/value

This is the first article to discuss the anxiety-uncertainty management theory to examine communication breakdowns in library reference transactions.

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