... for chloride content, RCPT for chloride permeability and a physical sulfate attack test. Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) examined the environmental impacts, while an economic analysis assessed cost implications for each water source. Findings The results showed only minor differences of 2%–3...

... 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Multi-criteria decision analysis Decision support systems PROMETHEE method Economic analysis Energy systems Co-benefit In Europe, the building sector causes more than 40 per cent of the total energy consumption and 36 per...