...Marcus Foth Purpose The purpose of this paper is to trace how the relationship between city governments and citizens has developed over time with the introduction of urban informatics and smart city technology. Design/methodology/approach The argument presented in the paper is backed up...

... cases to be scaled. Originality/value The authors outline how and why experimentation can be a useful approach to address challenges of implementing urban informatics into concrete uses and procedures for co-creation. Based on reports from two projects, the authors develop recommendations...