... the enforcement of an emission tax in a dynamic model, which includes stock externalities and abatement by the mining firm and by natural processes. The purpose of this investigation is twofold. First, to study the consequences of a given enforcement scheme in a dynamic model and to generalize the results from...

... precisely because of its inability to motivate the world’s biggest GHG emitters to commit to emissions reductions and the lack of a credible mechanism to enforce compliance (Barrett, 2008 ; Haita, 2012 ; Hovi et al., 2007) . The United States (now the second-largest emitter) did not ratify Kyoto...