... of equivalent old growth, and increased risks of species extirpation. Tradable permits are an alternative cap-and-trade approach to managing old growth. Tradable Disturbance Permits (TDPs) have been proposed to coordinate timber harvest and energy resource access in order to manage the cumulative effects...

... of the pollution in the Rijnmond area around Rotterdam in the Netherlands is caused by big refineries and chemical plants. Environmental policy has been mainly based on voluntary agreements with these industries but introducing tradable permits in this area has been considered. The refineries and chemical plants...