...Ali Hasaan; Mücahi̇t Fi̇şne; Jawaria Khalid Purpose This study explores how the Multan Sultans, a franchise in the Pakistan Super League (PSL), can cultivate long-term fan loyalty through Fan-Oriented Social Responsibility (FOSR) which extends beyond traditional corporate social responsibility...

... professional baseball Interactive cheering Cheerleaders Fan loyalty Cheering culture is a crucial aspect of sports. It is characterized by fans actively expressing their support for teams or athletes through chants, songs, and coordinated movements, which creates a lively and emotionally charged...

...Ali Hasaan; Nicholas Zoroya; Khan Nida Aslam Purpose This study explores the factors that contribute to fan loyalty for a losing sports team, with a specific focus on the Karachi Kings in the Pakistan Super League. The research aims to uncover the motives that influence fans’ unwavering support...

... with their followers. This paper examines the level of identification shown by football fans towards both their favourite team and their favourite player, in connection with the concept of fan loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A total of 4,707 international respondents participated in an online survey...