... by various opportunities for fans’ participation in clubs. In addition, the results emphasize the relevance of personal factors, concerning changes in the private and individual circumstances of individual fans. Originality/value This is the first article to address potential fan exits in German soccer...

...Luke Butcher; Mark Bryant Purpose Traditional sports have seen declining participation at many levels, with football being no different. This is occurring at a time when emergent technologies present new challenges, particularly to the crucial yet ignored cohort of millennials. Without meeting...

... of the study. Findings Intrapersonal constraints found to influence motivation factors while all three motivation factors had a significant effect on continuous participation intentions. Research limitations/implications The experimental data for the present research came from participants in a given...