...Paulo Pereira da Silva Purpose This study aims to investigate whether exchange-traded fund ( ETF ) replication strategy influences tracking error. While synthetic ETFs are often criticised for their complexity and perceived risk, empirical evidence on their tracking performance remains mixed...

...Stoyu I. Ivanov Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that impact the exchange-traded funds net fund flow changes on a daily basis. Design/methodology/approach A total of 1,212 different exchange-traded funds with a proprietary daily net fund flow data and logistic...

...Tim Leung; Brian Ward Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand the tracking errors of leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs) on gold and demonstrate improved tracking performance by dynamic portfolios of gold futures. Design/methodology/approach – The author formulates...