... to failing public or private service delivery” (Atlantic Philanthropies 2009 , p. 2). The programme aimed to build the skills of NGOs in social economics, which was delivered primarily by the Ulster University Business School, and this was linked to a new capital fund to strengthen the supply of social...

... economy. The “reciprocal interdependence” and mutual care implicit in mutuality can be distinguished from the charity implicit in philanthropy. Mutuality implies a bi‐directional or network relationship in which parties to an enterprise help, support and supervise each other (Turnbull, 2002 ; Parnell...