... for the reliable functioning. A simple strategy shown in this proposed study to select the best-fit sensor based on various parameters such as environment, 2 D/3D navigation, accuracy, speed, environmental conditions, etc. for the reliable autonomous navigation of a mobile robot. Findings This paper provides...

... of this device (indirect approach). Signal conditioning hardware and software considerably help in obviating issues such as drift, hysteresis and thermal effects. Research limitations/implications Reliable on‐chip reference electrodes and ISFET packaging for continuous online applications...