...Akhileshwar Pathak The Fundamental Rights, guaranteed by the Constitution of India, are very substantive rights. The rights, however, are available only against the State as defined in Article 12 of the Constitution. The definition of State includes the Union and States' legislatures and executive...

... as a basis for classroom discussion. They are not designed to present illustrations of either correct or incorrect handling of administrative problems. The Fundamental Rights are the basic rights of the citizens. These are not for the courts and judges alone to give legal reasoning. The rights...