Enabling economic quality and organizational responsiveness through the distribution of processes, information and values

Identifies two general principles ‐ level‐specific processes and information ‐ for shaping the distributed control by which living systems deal with complex environments, introducing their application to organizations. Since the effective appliction of principles such as these depends on an understanding of organizations as social systems, explores the concept of signalling values in system design ‐ an area in which there is believed to be a significant failure in current top management practice.