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Keywords: Hard TQM
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Journal Articles
Journal:
The TQM Journal
The TQM Journal (2025) 37 (3): 853–876.
Published: 30 January 2024
... and medium enterprises (SMEs) remain largely unexplored. This groundbreaking research endeavors to delve into the pivotal role played by social (soft) and technical (hard) TQM 4.0 in driving I4.0 readiness among SMEs. Design/methodology/approach A research framework has been developed by harnessing...
Journal Articles
Managerial role in ensuring successful total quality management programme in Ghanaian printing firms
Journal:
The TQM Journal
The TQM Journal (2014) 26 (5): 398–410.
Published: 05 August 2014
... groups: namely, soft and hard TQM (Powell, 1995 ; Dow et al., 1999 ; Baidoun, 2003 ; Lau and Idris, 2001 ; Boon et al., 2005). Janpen et al. (2005) posit that soft TQM as a management system and hard TQM as a technical system. The soft TQM elements include top management...
