..., the temporal and spatial heterogeneity is analyzed based on which this study discusses the moderators of the effects of tourism on carbon emissions. Findings The results show that both tourist arrivals and tourism revenue significantly impact carbon emissions. Also, there exists a significant temporal...

... of tourism revenue). High-speed rail can play a supportive role, while air travel or traditional rail remains central to the tourism economy. Socio-economic status (i.e. city size and city gross domestic product) and hospitality capacity are identified as crucial influencers for the development...