... Whistleblowing Public trust Police reform Slush funds Amakudari Institutionalized corruption, including post-war collusion among politicians, bureaucrats and businessmen, is an important Japanese cultural trait. Without a comprehensive anti-corruption law or an anti-corruption agency (ACA...

...; and sixth, though efforts to minimize amakudari practices are made, lack of political will and its sustainability prevents further reform. Originality/value – This paper will be useful for scholars, policy-makers, and anti-corruption practitioners interested in learning how Japanese...