...Yasdin Yasdin; Syafiuddin Parenrengi; Hasriani Hasriani; Ridwan Daud Mahande Purpose The purpose of this study was to discuss the history and political development of vocational education in Indonesia began before independence until independence era. Design/methodology/approach Analysis...

... manifestations seemed to diminish, so another would demand attention. Combating it was and remains a tireless affair requiring continual vigilance and experimentation. This paper seeks to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach The paper studies the history of official corruption and efforts...