... at the level of teacher agency. Existing models either emphasise rational intention–behaviour links, such as the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), or focus on structural and cultural constraints but rarely integrate emotional appraisal processes and material conditions within a single explanatory framework...

... observations and semi-structured interviews with teachers. The qualitative analysis followed an iterative thematic coding process informed by scholarship on dialogic pedagogy, teacher agency and curriculum reform. Methodological triangulation was used to examine convergence and divergence between reported...