... processes consider three major perspectives, i.e., quality, cost and environment, as criteria. The following two main methods are applied to respond to this multi-disciplinary issue: the eight quality dimensions proposed by Garvin are used to manage the quality issue, and a life cycle costing (LCC) method...

... of environmental issues that companies have faced: Input/output analysis Benchmarking Life cycle costing Social audit Accounting Pricing To be useful for environmental analysis, tools must have four attributes: 1. They must address the whole problem and provide the desired information...