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This chapter examines growing skepticism about the value proposition of higher education amid escalating tuition, stagnant wages, and persistent inequities in access and outcomes. Although many adults still view college as a pathway to economic mobility, declining public confidence and an intensifying “is college worth it?” discourse highlight tensions between rising costs and uncertain returns on investment. These pressures intersect with disruptive technological innovations, particularly artificial intelligence, which are reshaping how knowledge is produced, delivered, and credentialed. Simultaneously, profound demographic shifts are transforming the composition, expectations, and needs of future student populations. Taken together, these forces signal an inflection point that compels institutions and policymakers to reimagine sustainable, equitable, and future-ready models of postsecondary education.

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