Appendix A: Non-linear Analysis Methods

This appendix covers two non-linear analysis methods used in earthquake engineering: non-linear pushover analysis (also known as ‘non-linear static analysis’) and non-linear response history analysis (also known as ‘non-linear time history’ or ‘non-linear dynamic’ analysis). These analysis methods are the most advanced tools in the earthquake engineer's toolbox, and are only appropriate for a subset of seismic assessment and retrofit projects, but can offer a lot of value when they are employed. The appendix covers the background to each of these methods, including practical guidance on interpreting analysis results. It then provides an overview of modelling considerations when carrying out non-linear analysis in structural analysis software. Finally, it describes special considerations for model checking that apply when carrying out non-linear analysis on a project.