In Chapter 4 we listed the elements of a possible conceptual ‘Toxicity Equation’©:

We have touched upon the topic of Genetic Predisposition (see Chapter 4, p. 67) – let us now turn our attention to environmental shaping.

I think most of us would agree that what happens to us in our childhood has a significant impact on what shapes us as adults. So as we think about what shapes some adults into toxic humans, it seems to me that a reasonable place to start would be for us to think about early life experiences and to see what light experts on early childhood through to adolescence can shed on this fascinating area.

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