Chapter 9 Knowledge Spillovers from Public Research InstitutionsMichael LynskeyKnowledge Spillovers from Public Research Institutions: Evidence from Japanese High-Technology Start-Up Firms

It is widely recognised that universities and other research institutions (hereinafter, PRIs) are sources of knowledge in their regional and national economies. They have a broad impact on economic growth through several activities, including educational partnerships, industry-sponsored research, job placement, technical assistance to industry and the creation of start-up firms. This is essentially an issue of knowledge transfer from PRIs to industry, which may take several forms and be either direct or indirect in nature.¹