AN ADDITIONAL VIEW OF CONDUCTING MULTI-LEVEL CONSTRUCT VALIDATION

Chen, Mathieu and Bliese (this volume) propose a useful framework for conceptualizing, testing, and validating multi-level constructs. Their framework focuses on the differences in constructs that occur between individuals and groups. One key question arises with their approach: What happens if the validity of constructs is viewed as potentially varying not only between individuals and between groups but also within individuals and within groups? The focus on within-individuals and within-groups variations is called “frog-pond effects.” Based on such frog-pond effects, this chapter reconsiders the approach of Chen et al. and discusses some of the implications of adding this perspective to multi-level research.