a. Relation between KA (Y-axis) and RAC (X-axis)
b. ERKC: relation between RKC (Y-axis) and time (X-axis)
Effect of paternalism on family inertia and family inertia
a. Scenario 2 (Paternalism “P2” decreases over time)
b. Scenario 3 (Paternalism “P3” increases over time)
Min and Max of parternism in scenario 2 and 3
Variables
As reported by Gary and Larsen (2000), in a feedback loop diagram the arrow linking any two variables, x and y, indicates a causal relationship exists between x and y. The sign at the head of each arrow denotes the nature of the relationship as follows:
An arrow from x to y with a positive sign signifies that the partial derivative of y with respect to x is positive; and an arrow with a negative sign indicates a negative partial derivative. Moreover, the polarity of each feedback loop is determined by tracing through the effects of each link, starting with any variable, until the loop is closed. If the net effect is to reinforce an initial change in the variable chosen as the starting point, the loop is positive and labeled with the letter R (reinforcing loop). If an initial change is counteracted, the loop is negative and labelled with the letter B (balancing loop):
- Reinforcing Loop (R) is a structure which feeds on itself to produce growth or decline: “State 1” (the cause) increases or decreases “State 2” (the effect) which, in turn, increases or decreases “State 1,” respectively. In other words, R tends to reinforce or amplify whatever is happening in the system. Of course, nothing grows forever. There must be some limits to growth which are created by negative feedbacks (Sterman, 2000):
- Balancing Loop (B) counteracts and opposes change. It attempts to move some “Current State” to a “Desired State” (it is assumed that Current State is lower than Desired State) through some “Action”: the Desired State interacts with the Current State to produce a “Gap.” The larger the Gap, the stronger the influence to produce Action. The Action taken then moves the Current State toward the Desired State reducing the Gap to zero:
