Chapter 12: Learning Proceses and Epistemological Beliefs of Saudi Arabian and American Students: Translation Process and Initial Results

This study involved the translation and examination of learning processes and epistemological beliefs using Schmeck’s Inventory of Learning Processes and Schommer’s Epistemological Beliefs questionnaires. The instruments were translated with multiple procedures before implementation. In Study 1, four samples of students were used in both small focus group and large group assessment of the instrument. The results indicate high alternative form reliability, In Study 2, 240 Saudi Arabian students and 388 U.S. students completed the Epistemological Belief Questionnaire and a shortened version of the Inventory of Learning Processes. Principal component analyses indicate slightly different component structure between the two groups and differential item functioning.