Chapter 10: Can Greenhouse Gas Emissions Be a Driving Factor for Economic Stability? An In-depth Study of D8 Nations

This chapter examines the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic stability in D8 countries – Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. It aims to assess whether emissions, particularly methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), serve as economic indicators and how transitioning to renewable energy influences economic growth and environmental sustainability. The chapter employs statistical analysis using regression models to evaluate the impact of GHG emissions on key economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI), inflation, and energy consumption. Data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) spanning 2001–2023 are utilized. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) models are applied to examine the interplay between emissions and economic growth. Additionally, sectoral analysis is conducted to highlight the role of renewable energy and policy measures in mitigating emissions. The results indicate a complex relationship between emissions and economic stability. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions exhibit a significant correlation with economic performance, whereas CO₂ emissions show mixed effects. Countries investing in renewable energy, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, demonstrate improved economic resilience while reducing emissions. The chapter highlights the need for energy efficiency measures, investment in clean energy, and regional cooperation to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic impact of GHG emissions in D8 nations, offering policy recommendations to achieve sustainable development while maintaining economic stability.