Chapter 12: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) in Dark Factories for Industry 5.0

In this chapter, the integrative shift of AGI, dark factory design and manufacturing principles in the growing Industry 5.0 is outlined. The use of AGI, along with human-like learning, flexible thinking and problem-solving skills, allows dark factories to move beyond traditional machine limits. These systems can now organise and improve themselves and also adjust quickly to meet the needs of a circular economy. Quantum computing supports this change by giving AGI the power to solve complex problems in real time and to manage large and connected circular systems efficiently. Similarly, the highly connected industrial networks supported by advanced robotics boost AGI through swarm intelligence and edge computing. This integration enables smart sensing, real-time control and efficient task distribution across complex factory systems. This evolving partnership between humans and AGI has led occupational roles to be transformed as people move beyond manual tasks to become more. This transformation highlights the importance of preparing a workforce skilled in ethical decision-making and intelligent system management. In addition, significant AGI incorporation demands strong computing frameworks to confirm safety, transparency and reliable autonomous operation. The self-improving factories with adaptive and decentralised manufacturing systems controlled by AGI are expected to shape the next stage of industrial evolution.