... development success Value co-creation Customer involvement Supplier involvement Manufacturing involvement Structural empowerment As a VCC activity between focal firms and suppliers, supplier involvement can expand focal firms’ resource search scope, thus providing more substitutive NPD solutions...

.... Design/methodology/approach To test the research hypotheses about the relationships above, survey data were collected from 176 Chinese manufacturing companies. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypotheses. Findings The results indicate that both customer and supplier involvement...