... capital investment. Efforts to reduce and return drag‐out will be rewarded with savings in chemical purchases, water consumption, treatment chemicals and sludge disposal, as well is in energy consumption. Drag‐out reduction can also improve quality by keeping rinses, and subsequent tanks cleaner. Whilst...

...Brian Ellis Purpose To discuss the validity of the water break test, commonly used as a means of cleanliness determination in the printed circuit fabrication industry. Design/methodology/approach To examine qualitatively the physics of water‐wetting of solid substrates and their energy levels...

... and chemical interaction of the liquid with the substrate. Factors which affect the spreading include droplet velocity, dynamic viscosity, liquid density and static contact angle (differential between ink surface tension and substrate energy). © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Water Printed...

...Martin Goosey Purpose To review water use in the PCB industry and to introduce approaches for minimising its consumption in order to reduce costs, enhance efficiency and to enable PCB producers to operate in a more sustainable manner. Design/methodology/approach This paper has been written...