...‐on” connections to the Internet, was a major step forward but could not, of itself, resolve the issue of the slow pace at which data could be handled by mobile devices. To download a large data file not only took forever but cost a fortune. Wireless technology Mobile communications Licensing...

... applications and services were expected to draw together a multitude of wireless technologies in an ad hoc manner[47]. Prototypes were expected to become available in 2003. System development and integration would evolve at the end of 2006, leading to first commercial deployment around 2011...

... dramatically affected Europe’s wireless future. This article examines the reasons for the success of Europe’s wireless communications in the 1990s, explains its vulnerabilities and draws lessons for the future. Wireless technology Communications technology Innovation Europe USA Japan © MCB UP...