..., as these connections have the power to guarantee the easier access to capital and stabilize future cash flows. Corporate cash holdings Board attributes Political connections Corporate governance Agency theory GMM Over recent years, there was a globally outstanding increase in corporate cash holdings...

.../approach – The authors argue that the firm’s performance has a dynamic relationship that cannot be measured in cross-sectional data. Hence, the authors use a panel data to examine the effect of financial leverage on firm’s performance using the dynamic Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimator...

... studies that examine the simultaneous openness issue in the developing countries. It recommends regulators and policy makers to take gradual steps toward adopting trade and financial openness in the Arab countries. GMM Arab world Financial openness Panel data analysis Simultaneous openness...