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Significance

COVID-19 is by far the EU's worst health crisis and it has spurred fresh proposals for integration. The European Commission has announced plans to strengthen the management of cross-border threats, enhance the EU’s role and influence in health-related markets, and provide greater financial support for national health systems and health-related research.

Impacts

Deeper EU fiscal integration would probably come with stronger recommendations concerning national health systems.

This pandemic will exacerbate the divergences in healthcare quality and access across the EU.

The COVID-19 crisis will strengthen efforts to create an industrial strategy which enhances manufacturing competitiveness across the bloc.

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