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Significance

Venezuela has welcomed OPEC's agreement to the first oil production cut since 2008 but this fillip was offset by a 67% fall in the black market value of the bolivar in November -- the steepest monthly fall to date. Amid triple-digit figure inflation, the Central Bank announced that new denomination bank notes will be released on December 15.

Impacts

The predictable collapse of the Vatican-endorsed dialogue process portends a renewed and possibly violent cycle of protest and conflict.

Absent structural reform and dramatic change in fiscal and monetary policy, a lift in oil prices will not alleviate economic turbulence.

Official optimism over a possible return to modest growth next year appears misplaced.

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