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Significance

Russian aims in Syria coincide only partly with Iran's: both want to save the Damascus government but their preferred political outcomes differ. Russia's military deployment in Syria was designed to defend its geopolitical interests -- but also to gain leverage with Washington. Russia has demonstrated its power by tipping the military balance in President Bashar al-Assad's favour and then driving negotiations.

Impacts

Moscow will explore other Middle Eastern opportunities, including in Libya and Egypt.

Russia has shown that it can deploy and use advanced military technologies in pursuit of its interests abroad.

The ability to work with the disparate interests of Iran and Turkey can be replicated elsewhere, for example with Pakistan and India.

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