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Significance

Several French industries have proclaimed low-carbon ambitions but outcomes have been modest: ‘green’ finance is still embryonic and there has been little progress on key decisions such as halting subsidies to fossil fuels. Moreover, France’s energy and climate transition is set to slow, undermining its efforts on the global scene.

Impacts

Pressure on countries such as Germany to phase out coal will rise.

Private-sector and sub-national climate engagement in the United States may increase.

The issue of the extent to which developed and developing countries should be treated differently may cause conflict in the run-up to COP24.

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