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Significance
The mood was milder than might have been expected. Both sides were conscious of the need to improve relations but, given the direction in which Turkey is traveling under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan both at home and abroad, the summit provided no pointers on how to achieve this.
Impacts
Turkey and Russia will step up efforts for a southern-route gas pipeline.
There will be more tension with Cyprus over undersea drilling.
Lack of business confidence will keep the lira under pressure.
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2018
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