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Subject

Fringe online communities.

Significance

Since the mass shootings at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand in mid-March, fringe web communities are under the spotlight for their role in influencing offline criminality and extremism.

Impacts

Due to their extensive use of coded language, obscure references and in-jokes, fringe communities are difficult for outsiders to regulate.

Criminal offences such as 'doxing', 'raiding', 'swatting' appear to be gaining popularity among active communities.

Law enforcement will be most effective in tackling overt criminality but not discussions that fall below the illegality threshold.

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