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Significance

The ban expires on October 18, under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the 2015 nuclear deal, from which Washington withdrew in 2018. If its extension efforts fail, the United States has outlined a fallback plan to reimpose all UN sanctions on Tehran.

Impacts

To forestall sanctions snapback, European powers may try to limit arms sales to Iran temporarily through talks outside the Security Council.

An escalation of Israeli (or US) attacks on Iranian interests could force Tehran to change its policy of patience.

An increasingly hardline mood in Iran could drive future clashes with the IAEA.

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