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Significance

All three countries are united by the objective to mitigate US-China rivalry by promoting multilateralism and engagement among middle powers, while at the same time using these to contain China’s behaviour and ambitions in the region.

Impacts

Engaging with like-minded middle powers in the Indo-Pacific will help Europe distance itself from Washington’s tougher policy on China.

The Indo-Pacific vision will result in deepening defence partnerships with India, plus Australia and Japan, such as through arms sales.

The Indo-Pacific will be an area of potential future collaboration and cooperation between the United Kingdom and EU countries.

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