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Significance
As places of work and entertainment reopen, pressure is rising on potential vaccine refusers, with the poorer, socially conservative ultra-Orthodox (haredi) and Israeli Arab communities the main focus. Earlier bitter divisions over some ultra-Orthodox groups’ refusal of lockdown restrictions, which the state failed to enforce, as well as over finances and military service, deepen the controversy.
Impacts
Developing community attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination will be key to future relations.
Israeli Arab groups will face new internal divisions over how to respond to the changing landscape.
Shared haredi-Arab experience of long marginalisation and ambivalence towards a Zionist state is unlikely to encourage future cooperation.
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2021
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