Currently a theoretical threat, it could materialise in the future with wide-ranging implications. Quantum computers could be used to undermine cryptographic protection of sensitive information, with consequences for international relations and individual citizens' ability to protect themselves from excessive state surveillance. They could also provide new opportunities for cybercriminals and other malicious actors.
New quantum-resistant encryption methods are likely to be capable of pre-empting the threat posed by quantum computing.
Nation states, especially the United States and China, will continue to compete for dominance in the quantum computing field.
The US government will tighten scrutiny of US tech firms exporting advanced technology to Chinese entities.
An unknown amount of stored or stolen encrypted data may become vulnerable to decryption with advances in quantum technology.
Quantum computing developments could render current personal data protections inadequate, necessitating legislative reform.
