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Significance
Despite or because of an unfavourable battlefield situation, Russia has pressed on with formally annexing the Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhia and Kherson regions. The Kremlin has indicated that it will not claim some areas that Ukraine controls. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky dismisses Russian claims and will continue efforts to regain territory.
Impacts
The onset of winter from late November may force a pause in the fighting.
Ukraine's announcement that it is submitting a bid for NATO membership is a political response to the latest Russian actions.
NATO membership is out of the question; only about one-third of alliance members are in favour.
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2022
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